Conception Technology

Technology by Gorokhov (in 1998) conceptually has three meanings in principle, namely, (1) technology (in technical) as agrerat of all the human artifacts are utilized, ranging from tools to complex technological systems are large scale, (2) technologies as the aggregate of all technical activities of discovery that is the invention (creation) and Discovery (discovery) research and development, and the stages in the creation of technological success, and its distribution to the community at large; and (3) technology as the aggregate of the overall technical knowledge, ranging from highly specialized techniques and practices until the technological-scientific theoretical system, including knowledge of engineering (engineering knowlodge), and know-how-nya.Dengan Thus, the technology, according Gorokhov (1998), defined as the study of the relationship between mankind and the world is manifested in a technological world view, the study of the technological phenomenon as a whole, placing the technology in the development of society as a whole (and not just an isolated technological developments), and in a historical dimension, between retrospectively and prospectively.

The purpose of the study of technology by Gorokhov (1998) mainly focused on technical sciences or engineering, technical production, activity, and knowledge as a cultural phenomenon, and the development of technological awareness, especially self-understanding of engineers and technicians in the practice of engineering and technical knowledge.

The view is almost similar to the Gorokhov (1998), initiated by Quintanilla (1998) related to the Technological Progress to do with Philosophy of Technology. Quintanalla (1998) share the view in the philosophy of technology in three views, namely cognitive views, the views and opinions praksiologis instrumental. Each of these views will be followed by changes and advances in technology are different.

In the cognitive view, technology is a form of practical knowledge based on science which directs us to design artifacts efficiently to solve practical problems. Technological change mainly produces more scientific applications research and development of technological knowledge. While technical progress is consistent with increased knowledge and depend, in large extensions, in progress (Quintanilla 1998).

From the instrumental view, technology is a set of artifacts that are intensively designed and manufactured to perform the functions and satisfy human needs. Technological change in the view of instrumental konsisisten with increased quantity and variety of artifacts. While technological progress is defined as a function of quantity and importance of human needs that can satisfy them in technological devices that can be used (Quintanilla 1998).
Third view, which is the approach taken by the Quintanilla (1996) in Quintanilla (1998), namely from praksiologis approach, the basis of technological entity is not a system of knowledge (cognitive view) or set of artifacts (instrumental view), but rather a complex systems formed from the artifacts coupled with its users or the intentional operator. From the view, Quintanilla (1998) to make the characterization of technological systems as systems that are intentional action oriented around the transformation of concrete objects to acquire, the level of efficiency, the results are valuable. Technological changes are consistent in design and manufacture of new systems and techniques in the development of which related to efficiency. While technological progress can be interpreted as an increase in human power to control reality. The new system of technical and more efficiently applied to the new and broader meaning than the reality of the highest capacity for adaptation to the satisfaction of human reality.
From the point of view regarding these praksiologis, Quintanilla (1998) then provide the core of technological progress. First, the purpose of technology is to enhance human power in controlling and creating reality. Second, technological development has multiple dimensions, namely innovation and efficiency. Third, within characterize technical progress as an increase in the power of man to reality, strategies should be done consistently is to define the function of technological progress, combined with innovation and efficiency.

The problem in thinking Quintanalla (1998) is the end of his article that, when confronted with moral issues of technology. According to him, there is no link between the theory of technological progress and questions related to moral values, economic, social, and others. According Quintanalla (1998), it is clear in two ways: first, explanation of the purpose of technical systems is an essential component of the definition of the technical system itself. Second, the practical consequences relating to the standard theory of technological progress (which has been described above) not only caused by the level of innovation and technical efficiency, but also the material conditions of human life.

Philosophical Thought of the technology that made Quintanalla (1998), is the form of tercerabutnya values in human culture as well as the separation of technology from his biological mother, that is science. In fact confirmed by Gorokhov (1998)

When we think about technology as creating a new environment ("a second nature"), then there are three phases of the development of modern technology: the link technology in science, to do with economics, and its relation with the environment. Philosophy of new technologies have been developed as a scientific-technological development of its own by including environmental philosophy, including philosophy of sustainable development.

Critical values and morals to the technology was not done from the West itself. Reminded Van Melsen (1985, 111) that for this man of less learning how to live with technology, so they seem more as servants than as a master of technology. By Mumford (1977) in Mangunwijaya (1985), said all of this originated from the radical transformation of all human life, which is largely influenced by a meeting between mathematics and physics with technology. That is a shift from an empirical technique based on the tradition into an experimental way, which developed into an atomic bomb, supersonic aircraft, cybernetic information (computing), long-distance communications, the development is within a relatively short, from previous technological developments. That's according to Van Melsen (1985, 111) there are three possibilities that cause it. First, not to perfect the technology, or both, technology has created other forms of praxis which requires that we learn in the new social relations, or third, also caused by lack of philosophic and ethical reflection on new forms in science and praxis and its implications.